Geographical Maps 1Maps of 1771 to 1820
Geographical Maps
Original title: Cartas geograficas
A list of the geographical and hydrographic maps of the Madeira archipelago known to the author, from the 1771 map made for Governor Sá Pereira to the 1937 chorographic map produced by the geodetic commission under Colonel Alfredo Durão. It also mentions two relief maps of Madeira.
1Maps of 1771 to 1820
We know of the following maps of the islands of the Madeira archipelago:
- 1. Mappa geographico particular da ilha da Madeira, surveyed by order of His Excellency the present governor and captain-general João António de Sá Pereira (later Baron of Alverca), partly by Sergeant-Major (sargento-mor, a field officer ranking as major) Francisco d’Alincourt and partly by Faustino Salustiano da Costa, infantry adjutant serving as engineer, in the year 1771. (A copy, or perhaps the original, of this map existed in the Ministry of Public Works in Lisbon.)
- 2. Geo-Hydrographic survey of the Isle of Madeira with the Dezertas and Porto Santo Islands geometrically taken in the year 1788. By William Johnston. . . With the plan of the town of Funchal, by capt. Skinner, 1775.
- 3. Mappa geral da ilha da Madeira, levantado por ordem d’El-Rei nosso senhor D. João VI (General map of the island of Madeira, surveyed by order of the King our lord John VI), 1817, by Paulo Dias d’Almeida, sergeant-major of engineers. (It existed in the Ministry of Public Works in Lisbon, and there is a copy in the Public Works Department (Direção das Obras Públicas) in Funchal.)
- 4. A Survey of the Island of Porto Santo, by Lieut. William Mudge, by order of Cap. D. E. Bartholomew. Published by Captain Hurd... July 10, 1820.
2Maps of 1835 to 1898
- 5. Geo-Hydrographic Survey of the Island of Madeira and its Dependencies, by James Wild (1835).
- 6. The Islands of Madeira, Porto Santo and Desertas surveyed by capt. A. T. E. Vidal in H. M. S. Styx, 1843, London. Published... 4 October 1847.
- 7. Funchal Bay surveyed by capt. A. T. E. Vidal, 1843, additional soundings by H. M. S. Challanger, 1873.
- 8. Mappa da ilha da Madeira mandado publicar por J. A. L. (Júlio Augusto Leiria), 1871.
- 9. Physical Map of the Island of Madeira constructed by J. M. Ziegler.
- 10. Carta geo-hydrographica da ilha do Porto Santo e dos ilheus baixos adjacentes, surveyed jointly in 1842–43 by the officers of the British steam warship Styx and Captain António Pedro d’Azevedo of the Corps of Engineers (today a brigadier general); corrected and published with various enlargements in 1877.
- 11. Carta geo-hydrographica da ilha da Madeira e dos ilheus baixos adjacentes, surveyed jointly in 1842–43 by the officers of the British steam warship Styx and Captain António Pedro d’Azevedo of the Corps of Engineers, today a retired major general. Corrected and published with various enlargements in 1879.
- 12. Carta geo-hydrographica das ilhas Desertas, surveyed jointly in 1842–43 by the officers of the British steam warship Styx and Captain António Pedro d’Azevedo of the Corps of Engineers, today a retired major general (1886).
- 13. Carta geographica da ilha da Madeira, a free gift from the Diário Popular in the year 1898. (It is the work of the engineers Adriano and Aníbal Trigo.)
3Relief maps and the geodetic map
There are also two relief maps of the island of Madeira. One was made by the German geologist A. Stubel, and a copy of it is held in the Seminary Museum (Museu do Seminário); the other was made by Captain Vitoria Pereira. This second map was commissioned by the Agricultural Council (Junta Agrícola) to publicise and advertise Madeira. The map of Madeira surveyed by the Geodetic Commission, chaired by Colonel Alfredo Durão, has not yet been published, but the work on it was completed in 1915. This map, it is said, is far more complete and accurate than any published so far. The chorographic map surveyed by the commission chaired by Colonel Alfredo Durão, which is said to be a very valuable work and the most accurate yet published of this island, was made public in 1937 under the title Carta Corografica da Ilha da Madeira levantada pela Direcção Geral dos Trabalhos Geodesicos e Topograficos em 1915 e revista e actualizada pelo Instituto Geografico e Cadastral em 1934.
In this article
Time
Years mentioned · 17-
On Governor Sá Pereira's orders, Francisco de Alincourt surveyed and drew the general map of Madeira and visited Porto Santo.
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Captain Skinner drew a plan of Funchal, published by William Johnston with his map of Madeira.
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William Johnston made a geo-hydrographic survey of Madeira, the Desertas and Porto Santo.
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Paulo Dias de Almeida made the general map of Madeira on the orders of D. João VI.
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William Mudge's survey of Porto Santo was published.
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James Wild made a survey of Madeira.
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Captain A. T. E. Vidal aboard HMS Styx, with António Pedro de Azevedo, surveyed Madeira, Porto Santo and the Desertas.
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A. T. E. Vidal's survey of the islands was published in London.
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Hann published his article on the climate of the Azores and Madeira, and Júlio Augusto Leiria published a map of Madeira.
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Officers of HMS Challenger took soundings in Funchal Bay and measured magnetic inclination (55° 12' 5 N) and declination (20°33' W) at Funchal.
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António Pedro de Azevedo published geo-hydrographic charts of Porto Santo (1877), Madeira and the Desertas, issued in 1877, 1879 and 1886.
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The geo-hydrographic map of Madeira was published.
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A map of the Desertas was published.
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The Diário Popular gave away a map of Madeira as a free gift.
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The geodetic commission completed its survey of Madeira, including the chorographic map of the island.
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The Instituto Geográfico e Cadastral revised and updated the 1915 map of Madeira.
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The chorographic map of Madeira was published.
Place
Places mentioned · 07
Abroad
- Bay of Funchal
Funchal. Surveyed by Vidal in 1843.
The Bay of Funchal, between Ponta do Garajau and Ponta da Cruz, is the widest bay in the archipelago and the island's main anchorage, whose exposure to southerly gales caused many wrecks. The Elucidário notes it was surveyed by Vidal in 1843, that the Surprise was torpedoed there, and that it had never been studied oceanographically.
- Desertas
Santa Cruz. Included in several surveys and in a map of 1886.
An island group near Madeira that was already separated from it at the last eruptions and shares endemic species with it. It was the main orchil-harvesting area, and Wollaston found 89 beetle species there. The islands were investigated by scientific expeditions, including the Endurance scientists in 1914.
- Funchal
Skinner's 1775 plan of the town accompanied Johnston's survey.
The capital of the archipelago and seat of the principal captaincy, where settlement began; it was made a vila c.1451–52. Its bay, the widest in the archipelago, lies between Ponta do Garajau and Ponta da Cruz and offers sheltered anchorage, though its harbour had never been studied oceanographically. The Elucidário discusses it as a health resort with climate data and records the January 1906 disturbances, the Danish prince's visit in May 1846 and recent volcanic cones in the area.
- Lisbon
Portugal. Copies of the early maps were kept at the Ministry of Public Works in Lisbon.
The Portuguese capital, seat of the Relação court and of the Misericórdia whose privileges and statutes were extended to Funchal. Henrique Franco de Sousa studied at its Royal Academy of Fine Arts, and Luiz José Baiardo moved there in 1821.
- Porto Santo
Subject of several of the surveys listed.
An island of the archipelago, settled alongside Madeira and forming one of the three captaincies. It has always constituted a single parish, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Piedade, whose church was repeatedly sacked. The Elucidário records the Moorish pirate raid of 1617, its own Misericórdia and a rainwater channel built on this drought-prone island.
- Seminary Museum
Funchal. Holds a copy of Stübel's relief map.
The Museu do Seminário is a museum in Funchal. It holds a copy of Stübel's relief map, a collection of marine algae identified by Schmitz, and specimens of both Madeiran bat species.
People
People mentioned · 20-
German geologist who made a relief map of Madeira; a copy is kept in the Seminary Museum.
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Commander of HMS Styx who surveyed the islands and Funchal Bay in 1843.
- Adriano Augusto Trigob. 1862
Engineer who made the 1898 map of Madeira given away by the Diário Popular.
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Colonel who presided over the geodetic commission whose map of Madeira was completed in 1915.
- Aníbal Augusto Trigo1865–1944
Engineer who made the 1898 map of Madeira given away by the Diário Popular.
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Governor and captain-general of Madeira who ordered the 1771 map of the island; later made Baron of Alverca.
- António Pedro de Azevedo1814–1889
Engineer captain, later a general, who surveyed Madeira, Porto Santo and the Desertas with the officers of HMS Styx in 1842–43.
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Captain who ordered Mudge's survey of Porto Santo.
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Infantry adjutant serving as an engineer who surveyed part of the island for the 1771 map.
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Sergeant-major who surveyed part of the island for the 1771 map.
+ 10 more
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Captain who published the 1820 survey of Porto Santo.
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Maker of a physical map of Madeira.
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Author of the 1835 geo-hydrographic survey of Madeira and its dependencies.
- John VId. 1826
King of Portugal by whose order the 1817 general map of Madeira was made.
- Júlio Augusto Leiria1828–1878
Man who had a map of Madeira published in 1871.
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Sergeant-major engineer who made the 1817 general map of Madeira.
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Captain who drew the 1775 plan of Funchal included with Johnston's survey.
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Captain who made a relief map of Madeira for the Junta Agrícola.
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Author of the 1788 geo-hydrographic survey of Madeira, the Desertas and Porto Santo.
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Lieutenant who surveyed Porto Santo; the survey was published in 1820.