Freixo (Fraxinus excelsior)

This oleacea, which only appears in some estates now, seems to have been part of the Madeiran forest flora in the past. In a letter issued by D. João II in 1493 'for the confirmation and firmness of the grant of waters and other things', the following is read: ' . . . we are pleased and confirm, as we confirm and have confirmed by this, the said chapter in which the said things are contained, with the declaration that the ash and cedars that we reserve are not to be used or cut down for any church or town hall. . . '