Article-type taxonomy, v1

Files: kb/taxonomy.yaml (the taxonomy itself), data/04_structured/taxonomy_sample_mapping.jsonl (the 300-entry stratified sample mapped to the taxonomy).

Shape: 12 top classes, 90 subtypes, a person_roles facet with 30 roles, and 14 tie-break rules. Every entry gets 1 to 3 codes, primary first. Every sample entry maps to at least one code: 300 primary codes, 360 codes in total. The average is 1.2 codes per entry, so most entries need only one.

Class tree with sample counts

Each count is shown as primary / any position, from the 300-entry sample.

• person: Person or family (13 subtypes). 105 / 111 clergy 6/6 · governor 12/14 · official 6/6 · politician 3/4 · military 9/9 · writer 20/21 · scientist 9/9 · physician 7/7 · artist 4/4 · merchant 2/2 · visitor 11/11 · family 16/18 · other 0/0
• place: Place (13 subtypes). 39 / 44 island 1/1 · municipality 0/0 · parish 6/6 · locality 16/17 · mountain 0/1 · stream 5/5 · levada 0/0 · faja 0/1 · headland 2/2 · bay_port 3/3 · street 5/6 · quinta 1/2 · region 0/0
• organism: Organism (11 subtypes). 48 / 53 plant 24/26 · cultivar 3/3 · cryptogam 0/0 · bird 3/3 · fish 9/10 · marine_invertebrate 1/1 · arthropod 2/2 · mollusc 2/2 · mammal 1/2 · reptile 1/1 · group 2/3
• building: Building or monument (8 subtypes). 22 / 25 church 0/0 · chapel 10/10 · convent 2/3 · fortress 2/3 · hospital 0/1 · maritime 3/3 · monument 1/1 · other 4/4
• institution: Institution or organisation (8 subtypes). 13 / 14 association 5/5 · school 2/2 · cultural 1/2 · government 1/1 · military 1/1 · religious 2/2 · charity 1/1 · company 0/0
• publication: Publication or work (3 subtypes). 18 / 19 periodical 14/15 · book 4/4 · document 0/0
• event: Event (5 subtypes). 5 / 7 historical 2/4 · disaster 1/1 · epidemic 0/0 · festivity 1/1 · maritime 1/1
• administration: Administration and law (5 subtypes). 8 / 13 office 3/3 · law 0/1 · tax 2/4 · justice 2/4 · division 1/1
• economy: Economy (7 subtypes). 4 / 18 agriculture 0/2 · product 1/5 · wine 1/2 · industry 0/1 · fishing 1/4 · trade 1/2 · infrastructure 0/2
• culture: Culture and society (7 subtypes). 9 / 17 custom 1/4 · folk_medicine 1/1 · language 1/2 · arts 4/6 · religion 1/1 · society 0/2 · heraldry 1/1
• science: Science and environment (6 subtypes). 9 / 13 climate 0/2 · geology 3/4 · geophysics 2/2 · natural_history 1/1 · research 3/4 · medicine 0/0
• meta: Editorial and reference (4 subtypes). 20 / 22 cross_reference 20/20 · list 0/2 · overview 0/0 · front_matter 0/0

Twelve subtypes have no entries in the sample. I checked the full corpus (3,872 headwords) to confirm that each one still has real entries:

Subtype	Examples in the corpus
building.church	Sé Catedral, Igreja de …, Igrejas Inglesas (about 12)
place.municipality	the Vila e Município entries
place.levada	Levadas, Madeira (Levadas da)
event.epidemic	Epidemias, Peste Bubónica, Cólera-Morbus
institution.company	Bancos, Companhias Vinícolas
organism.cryptogam	Musgos, Algas, Hepáticas, Cogumelos
science.medicine	Tracoma, Doenças, Sanatórios
meta.overview	about 20 Madeira (…) survey entries
meta.front_matter	2 front-matter entries
place.region, publication.document, person.other	small but real

Corpus-wide headword patterns show where the volume is:

Headword pattern	Count
(Freguesia de)	49
Capela	129
Ribeira	65
Pico	53
Newspaper-style (O) / (A)	~140
Scientific name in parentheses	~800

Rationale for key choices

• Type, not theme. The legacy categories field is thematic: 15 values, with history covering 1,736 entries and biology 845. It says nothing about what kind of thing an entry is, so I used it only as background. For example, a parish whose article is mostly church history is still place.parish, with the church or history added as a secondary code. That keeps codes stable across translations.
• Madeira place types are first-class. Parish, municipality, sítio, peak/serra, ribeira, levada, fajã, headland, bay/port, street and quinta each have their own code. The sample shows sítios (16), parishes (6) and streets/squares (5) are the common ones. Quintas and levadas are filed under places because readers look them up as places; quays, forts and lighthouses are filed under buildings.
• Persons are split by the role that made them notable, and 30 finer roles go in the facet. Physicians have their own subtype, separate from scientists and naturalists. The Elucidário has many doctors who wrote about Madeira's climate, and they are a group readers look for.
• Foreigners. person.visitor is for foreigners who matter mainly because they visited or wrote about Madeira. Foreigners who worked on the island as a physician, merchant or naturalist get that role's subtype, with foreign_resident or foreign_visitor in the facet.
• Families, surnames and title successions share one subtype, person.family. It holds 16 sample entries, the largest after writers. Individual title-holders are classified by their role instead.
• Corpus-driven additions beyond the brief:
  • organism.cultivar: the grape and wheat varieties from the Vinhas and Trigo compounds, about 30 entries.
  • economy.wine: wine is central enough to need its own code.
  • culture.folk_medicine: the 22 Medicina Campestre ailment entries.
  • event.maritime: ships and shipwrecks such as Alabama, Surprise and the Vapor entries.
  • science.research: expeditions, herbaria, and disciplines such as anthropology and ornithology.
  • culture.heraldry: arms, flags, medals and titles.
• Cross-references. All 15 cross_reference entries in the sample, plus 5 articles that are really just "Vid. X" pointers, get meta.cross_reference first and then the target's type (for example, Dizimos is meta.cross_reference + administration.tax). That way topical filters still find them.

Weak fits in the sample (mapped, but worth a look)

Entry	Mapped to	Why it's a weak fit
Atlantida (Ilha)	science.research + culture.custom	Part legend, part scientific hypothesis
Partidos Políticos	institution.association + event.historical	A political history more than a list of organisations
Padrões Memoráveis	building.monument + meta.list	Covers heritage sites in general
Órgão de Santa Clara and Borracho	arts / wine + custom	Both are objects; I chose not to add a "material object" subtype
Tribunal Administrativo	administration.justice + publication.periodical	One entry covering two unrelated subjects
Carvalhal (1º Conde de)	person.merchant + person.governor	Landowner and civil governor; the primary choice is a judgement call
Schacht, Richter, Pommer, Alemanio Fini	visitor or scientist	One-line entries that only list books; hard to tell visitor from scientist

Decisions (confirmed)

1. Foreign authors known only from a bibliography line default to person.visitor; their profession (botanist, physician) is used only when the entry itself makes it clear.
2. Compound children are classified individually, with the parent entry given as context; there is no automatic inheritance of the parent's type.
3. Entries that name several features at once, such as Pontinha (Sitio, Estrada, Ilhéus e Molhe da) or Arco de São Jorge (Porto e Praia do), keep one record with up to three types.
4. Quintas and levadas are filed as places (place.*); wine has its own economy.wine code, separate from grape varieties under organism.cultivar.
5. Granularity: person.writer and place.locality stay single subtypes; finer detail is carried by facets and secondary codes, keeping the codes few and stable for translation.