Proper names in the English (UK) translation (`en-GB`)
Status: v1.0, confirmed by the owner on 2026-10-03 (§14).
Scope: all proper names in the English (UK) translation of the Elucidário Madeirense.
Shared rules, reasons and sources: docs/naming_latin.md (cited as NL §n). This file
gives the English (UK) forms. Machine-readable titles: kb/works.yaml. Style guide:
docs/style/en-GB.md. Structure as in docs/transcription_uk.md, without the
transcription sections.
British English. Spelling and punctuation follow docs/style/en-GB.md (New Oxford Style Manual
conventions, -ise). Names follow docs/naming_latin.md; this file gives the English forms.
0. Decision procedure
- Name table entry → use
rendering/firstexactly, inflected as §11 requires. - Normalise the Portuguese spelling (NL §1); titles keep the printed spelling.
- Established exonym or historical figure (§3, §5) → that form, no parenthesis.
- Classify (NL §2.1): person (§2); dedication: decide use 1, 2 or 3 (§4); place (§5); institution (§7); work or periodical (§8).
- Homonym check (§12).
- Meaning gloss for kept names (§9); first and later mentions (§10).
1. Typography of names, glosses and titles
| Item | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning of a kept name | Name (‘meaning’), single curly quotes, sentence case | Curral das Freiras (‘nuns’ fold’) |
| Portuguese original of a translated name | (Original), italic | the chapel of St Lucy (Santa Luzia) |
| Established translated title | Italic, headline capitals | The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas) |
| Descriptive translated title | ‘Roman in single quotes’, sentence case | ‘Longing for the Homeland’ (Saudades da Terra) |
| Periodical | Masthead (‘meaning’); English the outside the italics | the Heraldo da Madeira (‘Madeira Herald’) |
| Law, charter | Roman, capitalised | the Constitutional Charter (Carta Constitucional) |
| Saint | St without a full stop | St Peter, St James the Less |
Quotation marks: single for primary quotations (en style guide §3), so a meaning gloss and a quotation look alike; the parenthesis right after a name marks the gloss.
2. Personal names and honorifics
- Portuguese names unchanged, with all particles (core §7.1).
- Possessive: 's on short names, also after -s and -z (Zarco’s, Moniz’s, Gonçalves’s); of for long names (the will of João Gonçalves da Câmara).
- Titles (naming_latin.md §5): Dom / Dona; Father; Friar; Canon; Bishop; Dr (no point); Councillor; Commander; Count / Viscount / Baron / Marquis / Duke of + Portuguese designation, capitalised (the Count of Canavial, the 3rd Viscount of Mesquita e Melo); established: the Marquis of Pombal.
- o Infante D. Henrique, o Grande Infante → Henry the Navigator, the Infante, Prince Henry.
Full table of honorifics and ranks for all six languages: NL §5.
3. Historical figures
Established English forms come from kb/historical_figures.yaml (English Wikipedia titles):
John I, Afonso V, Manuel I, John III, Sebastian, Philip II (Philip I of Portugal), John IV,
Peter II, Joseph I, Maria I, John VI, Pedro IV, Miguel I, Maria II, Pedro V, Luís I, Carlos I,
Manuel II; King Duarte; Henry the Navigator; Christopher Columbus; Pope Leo X;
Catherine of Braganza; Philippa of Lancaster. The en style guide §6 still says Peter IV:
the KB form Pedro IV wins (naming_latin.md §12). Corrections: Saint Peter González → St
Peter González; Saint James the Less → St James the Less.
The authoritative list is kb/historical_figures.yaml (established_names.en for running
text, first_mention.en for the first mention). Figures not in the file keep their
Portuguese name. Corrections proposed for this language are in NL §13.1.
4. Saints and religious names
4.1 Three uses of a dedication (NL §6.1)
- Building, confraternity, feast, image → translate (§6 table, column "Building name"): first mention translation (Portuguese dedication).
- Toponym containing a dedication (São Vicente, Santa Cruz, Santo António da Serra, Nossa Senhora do Monte as a parish) → keep the Portuguese; meaning in ‘…’ (§9).
- The devotion or saint itself → the established form (§6 table, column "Devotion"); saints as persons get no parenthesis; Marian and Christological titles get (Portuguese) at first mention.
a igreja de Santa Cruz is the church of the town (dedicated to São Salvador): use 2.
4.2 English (UK) conventions
- Person: St + English name (St Peter, St Lucy, St Anthony of Padua). Iberian saints with no English form keep the Portuguese name: St Gonçalo of Amarante.
- Building: the chapel of St Lucy, the church of St Peter, the Convent of St Clare (generic lower case in running text unless the name table capitalises a fixed name).
- Marian titles: Our Lady of … (Our Lady of the Mount, Our Lady of Sorrows).
- Feasts: the feast of St John, the Holy Spirit festivities (festas do Espírito Santo).
5. Places
- Madeiran names kept, with diacritics; meaning gloss per §9.
- Generic in lower case in the source → English generic: the parish of São Jorge, the locality (sítio) of Casais, the stream (ribeira) of Santa Luzia.
- Secular buildings named after a saint: the Fortress of São Tiago, the São Lourenço Palace (‘St Lawrence’).
- Exonyms (en style guide §7): Lisbon, the Azores, the Canary Islands, London, Genoa, Hamburg, Vienna, Tangier, Cape Verde, St Helena, Cape of Good Hope, the Savage Islands (Selvagens), the Desertas. Unchanged: Madeira, Porto Santo, Funchal, Porto (not Oporto), Coimbra, Évora, Setúbal, São Miguel, Terceira, Ponta Delgada, Rio de Janeiro, the Algarve.
Generic words with a termbase entry (freguesia, sítio, ribeira, ponta, pico, serra, ilhéu…) are translated only when they are lower case in the source; inside a name they stay Portuguese (core §7.3).
6. Religious dedications: English (UK) forms
The 84 most frequent dedications in the corpus (counts: docs/religious_candidates.json,
merged variants; rows marked "proposed addition" are missing from kb/religious_titles.yaml).
"Devotion" is the form for the saint or title itself (use 3) and for a saint as a person;
"Building name" shows how a chapel, church or convent is named (use 1); replace the generic
as needed (chapel/church/convent). Corrections relative to kb/religious_titles.yaml are
already applied here and listed in NL §13.1.
| # | Portuguese | Kind | Also a toponym | Devotion / saint as person (use 3) | Building name (use 1) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Santa Cruz | christological | yes | the Holy Cross | chapel of the Holy Cross | Town of Santa Cruz: its parish church is dedicated to São Salvador, so igreja de Santa Cruz is locative (the church of the town), not a Holy Cross dedication. |
| 2 | Santa Maria / Santa Maria Maior | marian | yes | St Mary (the Virgin Mary) | church of St Mary Major | Funchal parish of Santa Maria Maior (Socorro church) is a toponym: keep it. The Roman basilica is Santa Maria Maggiore in every language. |
| 3 | Santa Luzia | saint | yes | St Lucy | chapel of St Lucy | St Lucy of Syracuse, 13 December. Funchal parish and stream (Ribeira de Santa Luzia) are toponyms. |
| 4 | Santa Clara | saint | St Clare (of Assisi) | Convent of St Clare | Mostly the Poor Clares' convent in Funchal (Convento de Santa Clara). Column 2 gives the convent. | |
| 5 | São Vicente | saint | yes | St Vincent (of Saragossa) | church of St Vincent | Parish and municipality (toponym) vs St Vincent of Saragossa (patron, 22 January). Not Vincent de Paul (São Vicente de Paulo). |
| 6 | São Lourenço | saint | yes | St Lawrence | chapel of St Lawrence | Also: Ponta de São Lourenço (cape), Palácio/Fortaleza de São Lourenço (Funchal), and Zarco's ship São Lourenço (ship names are never translated). |
| 7 | Santo António | saint | yes | St Anthony (of Padua) | chapel of St Anthony | St Anthony of Padua (Portuguese Santo António de Lisboa), 13 June. Not Santo Antão (Anthony the Great). |
| 8 | São Jorge | saint | yes | St George | chapel of St George | Parish (and Azores island) vs St George. |
| 9 | São Pedro | saint | yes | St Peter | church of St Peter | Funchal parish; Palácio de São Pedro; also São Pedro Gonçalves Telmo (see Corpo Santo). |
| 10 | Santa Catarina | saint | yes | St Catherine (of Alexandria) | chapel of St Catherine | St Catherine of Alexandria, 25 November (Funchal chapel founded by Constança Rodrigues). |
| 11 | São João (Baptista) | saint | St John the Baptist | chapel of St John the Baptist | Default = John the Baptist (24 June). São João Evangelista = John the Evangelist; São João de Deus = John of God (separate rows). | |
| 12 | São Tiago (Menor) | saint | St James the Less | chapel of St James the Less | In Funchal São Tiago is St James the Less, patron of city and diocese since 1521, feast 1 May; the Fortaleza de São Tiago is named after him. Use James the Greater only for São Tiago Maior, Compostela or 25 July. Proposed: a separate São Tiago Menor entry and this default in kb/religious_titles.yaml. |
|
| 13 | São Tiago Maior | saint | St James the Greater | chapel of St James the Greater | St James the Greater (Compostela), 25 July. Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. | |
| 14 | São Martinho | saint | yes | St Martin (of Tours) | church of St Martin | St Martin of Tours, 11 November. Funchal parish is a toponym. |
| 15 | Nossa Senhora da Piedade | marian | Our Lady of Pity | chapel of Our Lady of Pity | The Pietà image. Distinct from Dores and Angústias (Sorrows); the Portuguese original at first mention disambiguates. | |
| 16 | Nossa Senhora do Monte | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Mount | church of Our Lady of the Mount | Patroness of Madeira; feast 15 August. The parish Monte and the sítio are toponyms (keep and gloss). |
| 17 | São Roque | saint | yes | St Roch | chapel of St Roch | St Roch, plague saint, 16 August. Funchal parish and São Roque do Faial are toponyms. |
| 18 | Nossa Senhora do Calhau | marian | yes | Our Lady of Calhau | church of Our Lady of Calhau | Funchal's first parish church, on the Calhau (pebble shore). Calhau is a place name here: not translated. |
| 19 | São Paulo | saint | St Paul | chapel of St Paul | St Paul the Apostle (Funchal chapel). | |
| 20 | Nossa Senhora da Conceição | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception | chapel of the Immaculate Conception | The Immaculate Conception, 8 December. Conceição alone may be a sítio or a title (Barão da Conceição). |
| 21 | Santa Isabel | saint | St Elizabeth of Portugal | chapel of St Elizabeth | St Elizabeth of Portugal (Queen Isabel), 4 July; Hospital de Santa Isabel (Misericórdia hospital, Funchal). | |
| 22 | São Gonçalo | saint | yes | St Gonçalo of Amarante | chapel of St Gonçalo | St Gonçalo of Amarante (Dominican, 10 January). Funchal parish is a toponym. |
| 23 | Espírito Santo / Santo Espírito | trinitarian | the Holy Spirit | chapel of the Holy Spirit | Festa do Espírito Santo: the Whitsun Holy Spirit festivities (crowning, império), not just Pentecost Sunday. | |
| 24 | Santo Amaro | saint | yes | St Maurus | chapel of St Maurus | Amaro = St Maurus, disciple of St Benedict (15 January). Funchal sítio/parish area is a toponym. |
| 25 | São Francisco | saint | St Francis (of Assisi) | Convent of St Francis | Mostly the Franciscan convent of Funchal (Convento de São Francisco). Column 2 gives the convent. | |
| 26 | São Sebastião | saint | St Sebastian | chapel of St Sebastian | St Sebastian, 20 January (plague saint). | |
| 27 | Nossa Senhora da Graça | marian | Our Lady of Grace | chapel of Our Lady of Grace | ||
| 28 | Reis Magos | christological | yes | the Magi | chapel of the Magi | The Magi (Epiphany, 6 January). Reis Magos (Caniço) is also a sítio/beach: toponym. Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. |
| 29 | Santa Helena | saint | yes | St Helena | chapel of St Helena | St Helena (Empress). The South Atlantic island is an exonym (St Helena / St. Helena / Sainte-Hélène / Sant'Elena / Szent Ilona / Sint-Helena). |
| 30 | São João de Deus | saint | St John of God | chapel of St John of God | St John of God, founder of the Hospitallers, 8 March. | |
| 31 | São Miguel | saint | yes | St Michael the Archangel | chapel of St Michael | St Michael the Archangel, 29 September. São Miguel (Azores island) is a toponym. |
| 32 | Senhor dos Milagres | christological | the Lord of Miracles | chapel of the Lord of Miracles | The miraculous crucifix of Machico (feast 8–9 October). | |
| 33 | Nossa Senhora do Amparo | marian | Our Lady of Protection | chapel of Our Lady of Protection | Amparo = shelter/protection. Kept distinct from Socorro. | |
| 34 | Santíssimo Sacramento | christological | the Blessed Sacrament | chapel of the Blessed Sacrament | Confraternities of the Blessed Sacrament (Confraria do Santíssimo). | |
| 35 | Bom Jesus / Senhor Bom Jesus | christological | the Good Jesus | chapel of the Good Jesus | Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. | |
| 36 | Senhor Jesus | christological | the Lord Jesus | chapel of the Lord Jesus | ||
| 37 | Nossa Senhora do Livramento | marian | yes | Our Lady of Deliverance | chapel of Our Lady of Deliverance | Livramento is also a sítio name (toponym). |
| 38 | São José | saint | St Joseph | chapel of St Joseph | St Joseph, 19 March. | |
| 39 | Sagrado Coração de Jesus | christological | the Sacred Heart of Jesus | chapel of the Sacred Heart | ||
| 40 | Nossa Senhora da Estrela | marian | Our Lady of the Star | chapel of Our Lady of the Star | ||
| 41 | Nossa Senhora do Rosário | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Rosary | chapel of Our Lady of the Rosary | 7 October. Confraternities of the Rosary. |
| 42 | Nossa Senhora da Penha de França | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Peña de Francia | chapel of Our Lady of the Peña de Francia | The Spanish shrine of La Peña de Francia (Salamanca): keep the Spanish place name inside the title. Funchal chapel and sítio. |
| 43 | São Bernardino | saint | St Bernardino of Siena | convent of St Bernardino | St Bernardino of Siena (Franciscan convent, Câmara de Lobos), 20 May. | |
| 44 | Santíssima Virgem | marian | the Blessed Virgin | chapel of the Blessed Virgin | Generic title of Mary. | |
| 45 | Corpo Santo | saint | St Elmo (St Peter González Telmo) | chapel of St Elmo | Seafarers' name for St Peter González Telmo (St Elmo). Capela do Corpo Santo, Funchal (fishermen's chapel). Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capela_do_Corpo_Santo | |
| 46 | Madre de Deus / Mãe de Deus | marian | the Mother of God | chapel of the Mother of God | ||
| 47 | Nossa Senhora da Consolação | marian | Our Lady of Consolation | chapel of Our Lady of Consolation | ||
| 48 | Nossa Senhora das Preces | marian | yes | Our Lady of Prayers | chapel of Our Lady of Prayers | Local devotion (descriptive). Also sítio names. |
| 49 | São Bartolomeu | saint | St Bartholomew | chapel of St Bartholomew | St Bartholomew, 24 August (Albergaria de São Bartolomeu). | |
| 50 | São Filipe | saint | St Philip | chapel of St Philip | St Philip the Apostle (Funchal fortress and chapel). | |
| 51 | Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte | marian | Our Lady of the Good Death | chapel of Our Lady of the Good Death | Dormition/Assumption devotion (15 August). uk/ru use the Eastern feast name (owner decision 2026-09-27); Latin languages keep the Western literal title, except hu (Nagyboldogasszony). | |
| 52 | Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso | marian | Our Lady of Good Success | chapel of Our Lady of Good Success | Invoked for a safe childbirth. | |
| 53 | Nossa Senhora da Encarnação (Incarnação) | marian | Our Lady of the Incarnation | Convent of the Incarnation | Mostly the Convento da Encarnação (Funchal). The mystery is the Annunciation (25 March). | |
| 54 | São Gil | saint | St Giles | chapel of St Giles | St Giles, abbot, 1 September. | |
| 55 | Nossa Senhora dos Remédios | marian | Our Lady of Remedies | chapel of Our Lady of Remedies | ||
| 56 | São Lázaro | saint | yes | St Lazarus | chapel of St Lazarus | Lazarus of Bethany; leprosy hospitals (lazareto, gafaria). São Lázaro (Funchal) is also a sítio. |
| 57 | Nossa Senhora das Angústias | marian | yes | Our Lady of Sorrows | chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows | Funchal cemetery and sítio das Angústias are place names (keep). |
| 58 | Santo Antão | saint | St Anthony the Great | chapel of St Anthony the Great | St Anthony the Great (Anthony Abbot), 17 January. Not Santo António. | |
| 59 | Nossa Senhora das Mercês | marian | Our Lady of Ransom | convent of Our Lady of Ransom | Our Lady of Ransom (Mercedarians), 24 September. Funchal convent of the Mercês (Capuchin nuns). | |
| 60 | São Brás (Braz) | saint | St Blaise | chapel of St Blaise | St Blaise, 3 February. | |
| 61 | Nossa Senhora da Nazaré | marian | yes | Our Lady of Nazaré | chapel of Our Lady of Nazaré | The shrine of Nazaré (Portugal): the Portuguese town name is kept. Nazaré is also a Funchal sítio. |
| 62 | Nossa Senhora da Luz | marian | Our Lady of Light | chapel of Our Lady of Light | ||
| 63 | Santo André | saint | St Andrew | chapel of St Andrew | St Andrew the Apostle, 30 November. | |
| 64 | Nossa Senhora das Neves | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Snows | chapel of Our Lady of the Snows | Our Lady of the Snows, 5 August (Santa Maria Maggiore). Also a sítio. |
| 65 | Nossa Senhora da Ajuda | marian | yes | Our Lady of Help | chapel of Our Lady of Help | |
| 66 | Nossa Senhora das Dores | marian | Our Lady of Sorrows | chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows | Our Lady of Sorrows, 15 September. | |
| 67 | Nossa Senhora do Socorro | marian | yes | Our Lady of Succour | church of Our Lady of Succour | Santa Maria Maior church, Funchal, is popularly o Socorro. Kept distinct from Amparo and Ajuda. |
| 68 | Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Joys | chapel of Our Lady of the Joys | The Seven Joys of Mary. Prazeres (Calheta) is a parish: toponym. |
| 69 | São Bento | saint | St Benedict | chapel of St Benedict | St Benedict of Nursia, 11 July. | |
| 70 | Nossa Senhora dos Anjos | marian | yes | Our Lady of the Angels | chapel of Our Lady of the Angels | |
| 71 | Nossa Senhora do Carmo | marian | Our Lady of Mount Carmel | chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel | Our Lady of Mount Carmel, 16 July. Rua do Carmo (Funchal) is a street name (keep). | |
| 72 | Senhor dos Passos | christological | Christ Carrying the Cross | chapel of Christ Carrying the Cross | Image of Christ carrying the cross; procissão dos Passos = Lenten procession of the Stations. | |
| 73 | Nossa Senhora do Loreto | marian | yes | Our Lady of Loreto | chapel of Our Lady of Loreto | Lombada do Loreto (Calheta) is a toponym. |
| 74 | Nossa Senhora da Natividade | marian | the Nativity of Our Lady | chapel of the Nativity of Our Lady | Nativity of Mary, 8 September. | |
| 75 | Nossa Senhora do Desterro | marian | Our Lady of the Flight into Egypt | chapel of Our Lady of the Flight into Egypt | Desterro = exile: the Flight into Egypt. | |
| 76 | Santa Ana | saint | yes | St Anne | chapel of St Anne | St Anne, 26 July. The parish Santana (from Sant'Ana) is a toponym. |
| 77 | Nossa Senhora da Apresentação | marian | Our Lady of the Presentation | chapel of the Presentation of Our Lady | Presentation of Mary in the Temple, 21 November. | |
| 78 | Nossa Senhora de Belém | marian | Our Lady of Bethlehem | chapel of Our Lady of Bethlehem | ||
| 79 | Santa Quitéria | saint | yes | St Quiteria | chapel of St Quiteria | St Quiteria, virgin martyr, 22 May. Also a sítio. |
| 80 | Nossa Senhora da Vitória / das Vitórias | marian | Our Lady of Victory | chapel of Our Lady of Victory | Not Queen Victoria (Rainha Vitória). | |
| 81 | Almas (Capela das Almas) | other | the Holy Souls | chapel of the Holy Souls | The Holy Souls in Purgatory (core §1.6). Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. | |
| 82 | Vera Cruz | christological | the True Cross | chapel of the True Cross | Relic of the True Cross. Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. | |
| 83 | São Salvador | christological | the Holy Saviour | church of the Holy Saviour | Christ the Saviour: dedication of the parish church of Santa Cruz. Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. | |
| 84 | Santíssima Trindade | trinitarian | the Holy Trinity | chapel of the Holy Trinity | Proposed addition to kb/religious_titles.yaml. |
7. Institutions
Translate, capitalise as a proper name where the language does, Portuguese original in italics at first mention (owner rule 2; core §7.6). Termbase renderings are binding.
| Portuguese | Running text | First mention | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Câmara Municipal | Municipal Council; short: the Council | Municipal Council (Câmara Municipal) | termbase câmara municipal (translate) |
| Junta Geral do Distrito | District General Council | District General Council (Junta Geral do Distrito) | termbase Junta Geral do Distrito (translate) |
| Santa Casa da Misericórdia | Holy House of Mercy; short: the Misericórdia | Holy House of Mercy (Santa Casa da Misericórdia) | termbase Santa Casa da Misericórdia (translate_keep_in_names) |
| Misericórdia (short form) | Misericórdia (pl. Misericórdias) | Misericórdia (Holy House of Mercy, a lay charitable brotherhood) | termbase misericórdia (keep) |
| Santo Ofício | Holy Office | Holy Office (the Inquisition) | termbase Santo Ofício (translate) |
| Cabido (da Sé) | cathedral chapter; short: the Chapter | cathedral chapter (Cabido) | termbase cabido (translate) |
| Cortes | the Cortes | the Cortes (Portuguese parliament) | termbase Cortes (keep) |
| Seminário | seminary | seminary (Seminário) | termbase seminário (translate) |
| Paço Episcopal | bishop's palace | bishop's palace (Paço Episcopal) | termbase paço episcopal (translate) |
| Paços do Concelho | town hall | town hall (Paços do Concelho) | termbase paços do concelho (translate) |
| Alfândega (do Funchal) | customs house | customs house (Alfândega) | termbase alfândega (translate_keep_in_names) |
| Governo Civil | civil government | civil government (Governo Civil) | termbase governo civil (translate) |
| Diocese (do Funchal) | diocese | diocese (Diocese) | termbase diocese (translate) |
| Desembargo do Paço | Desembargo do Paço | Desembargo do Paço (the king's supreme court of justice) | termbase Desembargo do Paço (keep) |
| Junta de Paróquia | parish council | parish council (junta de paróquia) | termbase junta de paróquia (translate) |
| Provedoria da Real Fazenda | Royal Treasury Office | Royal Treasury Office (Provedoria da Real Fazenda) | termbase Provedoria da Real Fazenda (translate) |
| Universidade de Coimbra | the University of Coimbra | the University of Coimbra (Universidade de Coimbra) | this standard |
| Torre do Tombo | the Torre do Tombo (national archives) | the Torre do Tombo (national archives) (Torre do Tombo) | this standard |
| Colégio dos Jesuítas | the Jesuit College | the Jesuit College (Colégio dos Jesuítas) | this standard |
| Liceu do Funchal | the Funchal Lyceum | the Funchal Lyceum (Liceu do Funchal) | this standard |
| Hospital de Santa Isabel | St Elizabeth’s Hospital | St Elizabeth’s Hospital (Hospital de Santa Isabel) | this standard |
| Sé do Funchal | Funchal Cathedral (the Sé) | Funchal Cathedral (the Sé) (Sé do Funchal) | this standard |
8. Works and periodicals
Books, poems, documents and laws are translated: an established published translation in italics, otherwise a descriptive translation in ‘…’; the Portuguese original follows in italics, as printed in the article (the key column shows the modern form; the printed variants are listed in brackets). Periodicals keep the masthead and get the meaning (NL §2.3, §4). "Articles" = number of articles that mention the work (heuristic count on the Portuguese text; n/a = unreliable because the title is a common word).
8.1 Books, poems, documents, laws
| Portuguese (key; printed spellings) | Kind | Author, date | Articles | Running text | First mention | Established | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Os Lusíadas (Lusiadas; Lusíadas) | poem | Luís de Camões, 1572 | 8 | The Lusiads | The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas) | yes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas |
| Saudades da Terra (As Saudades da Terra; Descobrimento das Ilhas ou Saudades da Terra) | book | Gaspar Frutuoso, c. 1586–1590 (Book II on Madeira printed 1873, ed. Álvaro Rodrigues de Azevedo) | 167 | ‘Longing for the Homeland’ | ‘Longing for the Homeland’ (Saudades da Terra) | no | — |
| Crónica do Descobrimento e Conquista da Guiné (Chronica do Descobrimento e Conquista de Guiné; Chronica da Guiné; Crónica dos Feitos da Guiné) | book | Gomes Eanes de Zurara (Azurara), 1453 | 3 | The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea | The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea (Crónica do Descobrimento e Conquista da Guiné) | yes | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/chronicle-of-the-discovery-and-conquest-of-guinea/62725CF43998B60F60CCB8F580650EF4 |
| Insulana (A Insulana) | poem | Manuel Tomás, 1635 | 17 | ‘The Island Epic’ | ‘The Island Epic’ (Insulana) | no | — |
| Zargueida (A Zargueida; Zargueida: Descobrimento da Madeira) | poem | Francisco de Paula Medina e Vasconcelos, 1806 | 7 | ‘The Zarco Epic’ | ‘The Zarco Epic’ (Zargueida) | no | — |
| Antoneida (A Antoneida) | poem | — | 0 | ‘The Anthony Epic’ | ‘The Anthony Epic’ (Antoneida) | no | — |
| Guyaneida (A Guyaneida) | poem | — | 2 | ‘The Guiana Epic’ | ‘The Guiana Epic’ (Guyaneida) | no | — |
| História Insulana (Historia Insulana; Historia Insulana das Ilhas a Portugal Sugeitas no Oceano Occidental) | book | António Cordeiro, 1717 | 21 | ‘Island History’ | ‘Island History’ (História Insulana) | no | — |
| Elucidário Madeirense (Elucidario; Elucidário; Elucidario Madeirense) | book | Fernando Augusto da Silva; Carlos Azevedo de Meneses, 1921–1922; 2nd ed. 1940–1946 | 135 | Elucidário Madeirense | Elucidário Madeirense | yes | site/src/i18n/ui.ts |
| Anais do Município (Annaes do Municipio; Anais do Municipio) | document | Câmara Municipal (each concelho), from 1848 | 6 | ‘Annals of the Municipality’ | ‘Annals of the Municipality’ (Anais do Município) | no | — |
| Ilhas de Zargo | book | Eduardo C. N. Pereira, 1939–1940 | 10 | ‘Zargo’s Islands’ | ‘Zargo’s Islands’ (Ilhas de Zargo) | no | — |
| Dicionário Bibliográfico Português (Diccionario Bibliographico Portuguez; Diccionario Bibliographico) | book | Inocêncio Francisco da Silva, 1858–1923 | 27 | ‘Portuguese Bibliographical Dictionary’ | ‘Portuguese Bibliographical Dictionary’ (Dicionário Bibliográfico Português) | no | — |
| Bibliotheca Lusitana (Biblioteca Lusitana) | book | Diogo Barbosa Machado, 1741–1759 | 19 | Bibliotheca Lusitana | Bibliotheca Lusitana (‘Portuguese library’) | yes | — |
| História de Portugal (Historia de Portugal) | book | Manuel Pinheiro Chagas, 1899–1905 (3rd ed.) | 11 | ‘History of Portugal’ | ‘History of Portugal’ (História de Portugal) | no | — |
| Nobiliário da Ilha da Madeira (Nobiliario; Nobiliário; Nobiliario de Henriques de Noronha) | book | Henrique Henriques de Noronha, 18th c. (manuscript) | 9 | ‘Nobiliary of the Island of Madeira’ | ‘Nobiliary of the Island of Madeira’ (Nobiliário da Ilha da Madeira) | no | — |
| Memórias Seculares e Eclesiásticas (Memorias Seculares e Ecclesiasticas) | book | Henrique Henriques de Noronha, 1722 | 1 | ‘Secular and Ecclesiastical Memoirs’ | ‘Secular and Ecclesiastical Memoirs’ (Memórias Seculares e Eclesiásticas) | no | — |
| Breve Notícia sobre a Ilha da Madeira (Breve Noticia sobre a Ilha da Madeira; Breve Noticia) | book | Paulo Perestrelo da Câmara, 1841 | 7 | ‘A Brief Account of the Island of Madeira’ | ‘A Brief Account of the Island of Madeira’ (Breve Notícia sobre a Ilha da Madeira) | no | — |
| Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira e Discurso da Vida e Feitos dos Capitães da Dita Ilha (Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira) | book | Jerónimo Dias Leite, 1579 (manuscript) | 4 | ‘The Discovery of the Island of Madeira’ | ‘The Discovery of the Island of Madeira’ (Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira e Discurso da Vida e Feitos dos Capitães da Dita Ilha) | no | — |
| Relação de Francisco Alcoforado (Relação; Relação de Alcoforado) | document | Francisco Alcoforado (attributed), 15th c. (published 1671 in French paraphrase) | 2 | ‘Francisco Alcoforado’s Account’ | ‘Francisco Alcoforado’s Account’ (Relação de Francisco Alcoforado) | no | — |
| Cancioneiro Geral (Cancioneiro de Resende; Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende) | poem | Garcia de Resende (ed.), 1516 | 10 | ‘General Songbook’ | ‘General Songbook’ (Cancioneiro Geral) | no | — |
| Romanceiro do Arquipélago da Madeira (Romanceiro do Archipelago da Madeira) | book | Álvaro Rodrigues de Azevedo, 1880 | 2 | ‘Ballad Collection of the Madeira Archipelago’ | ‘Ballad Collection of the Madeira Archipelago’ (Romanceiro do Arquipélago da Madeira) | no | — |
| Flores da Madeira | book | anthology of Madeiran poets | 7 | ‘Flowers of Madeira’ | ‘Flowers of Madeira’ (Flores da Madeira) | no | — |
| Arte de Furtar | book | anonymous (attributed to António Vieira; now to Manuel da Costa), 1652 | 2 | ‘The Art of Stealing’ | ‘The Art of Stealing’ (Arte de Furtar) | no | — |
| Monarquia Lusitana (Monarchia Lusitana) | book | Bernardo de Brito, António Brandão and others, 1597–1727 | 2 | ‘Lusitanian Monarchy’ | ‘Lusitanian Monarchy’ (Monarquia Lusitana) | no | — |
| História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa (Historia Genealogica) | book | António Caetano de Sousa, 1735–1748 | 3 | ‘Genealogical History of the Portuguese Royal House’ | ‘Genealogical History of the Portuguese Royal House’ (História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa) | no | — |
| Corpo Diplomático Português (Corpo Diplomatico Portuguez) | book | Luís Augusto Rebelo da Silva (ed.), 1862– | 3 | ‘Portuguese Diplomatic Corpus’ | ‘Portuguese Diplomatic Corpus’ (Corpo Diplomático Português) | no | — |
| Plantas da Cidade | document | various surveyors, 1915–1934 | 3 | ‘Town Plans’ | ‘Town Plans’ (Plantas da Cidade) | no | — |
| Carta Constitucional (Carta Constitucional da Monarquia Portuguesa) | law | Pedro IV, 1826 | 12 | Constitutional Charter | Constitutional Charter (Carta Constitucional) | yes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Charter_of_1826 |
| Código Administrativo (Codigo Administrativo) | law | —, 1836, 1842, 1878, 1896 | 4 | Administrative Code | Administrative Code (Código Administrativo) | no | — |
| Código Civil (Codigo Civil) | law | —, 1867 | 2 | Civil Code | Civil Code (Código Civil) | no | — |
| Ordenações do Reino (Ordenações; Ordenações Manuelinas; Ordenações Filipinas; Ordenações Afonsinas) | law | —, 1446–1603 (Afonsinas, Manuelinas, Filipinas) | 2 | Ordinances of the Kingdom | Ordinances of the Kingdom (Ordenações do Reino) | no | — |
| Rambles in Madeira | book | anonymous, 1827 | 6 | Rambles in Madeira | Rambles in Madeira | yes | — |
| Account of the Island of Madeira (Account) | book | Nicolau Caetano Bettencourt Pitta, 1812 | 5 | Account of the Island of Madeira | Account of the Island of Madeira | yes | — |
| An Historical Account of the Discovery of the Island of Madeira | book | anonymous (abridged translation of Alcoforado), 1750 | 2 | An Historical Account of the Discovery of the Island of Madeira | An Historical Account of the Discovery of the Island of Madeira | yes | — |
| Six mois à Madère | book | Marquis de gli Albizzi | 1 | Six mois à Madère | Six mois à Madère | yes | — |
| Prodromus Lichenographiae insulae Maderae | book | Krempelhuber | 1 | Prodromus Lichenographiae insulae Maderae | Prodromus Lichenographiae insulae Maderae | yes | — |
8.2 Periodicals
| Masthead (as printed: aliases) | First year | Articles | Running text | First mention | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diário de Notícias (Diário de Noticias; Diario de Noticias) | 1876 | 50 | Diário de Notícias | Diário de Notícias (‘Daily News’) | Funchal daily, still published. |
| Heraldo da Madeira (Heraldo da Madeira (O); O Heraldo da Madeira) | 1904 | 35 | Heraldo da Madeira | Heraldo da Madeira (‘Madeira Herald’) | |
| Diário da Madeira (Diario da Madeira) | 1912 | 34 | Diário da Madeira | Diário da Madeira (‘Madeira Daily’) | |
| O Jornal (Jornal (O)) | 1906 | 31 | O Jornal | O Jornal (‘The Newspaper’) | |
| O Patriota Funchalense (Patriota Funchalense; Patriota) | 1821 | 19 | O Patriota Funchalense | O Patriota Funchalense (‘The Funchal Patriot’) | First newspaper printed in Madeira. |
| O Povo (Povo (O)) | 1883; 1907 | 16 | O Povo | O Povo (‘The People’) | Two different papers. |
| O Direito (Direito (O)) | 1857 | 15 | O Direito | O Direito (‘Law’) | |
| Diário Popular | 1883 | 13 | Diário Popular | Diário Popular (‘The People’s Daily’) | |
| Correio da Madeira (Correio da Madeira (O); O Correio da Madeira) | 1848; 1922 | 11 | Correio da Madeira | Correio da Madeira (‘Madeira Courier’) | |
| A Pátria (Patria (A); A Patria) | 1862; 1906 | 11 | A Pátria | A Pátria (‘The Homeland’) | |
| A Verdade (Verdade (A)) | 1858; 1875; 1915 | 11 | A Verdade | A Verdade (‘Truth’) | |
| A Chronica (Chronica (A); Chronica) | 1838 | 10 | A Chronica | A Chronica (‘The Chronicle’) | Do not confuse with Zurara's Chronica (the Guinea chronicle). |
| A Flor do Oceano (Flor do Oceano (A)) | 1828 | 10 | A Flor do Oceano | A Flor do Oceano (‘The Flower of the Ocean’) | |
| A Liberdade (Liberdade (A)) | 1878 | 10 | A Liberdade | A Liberdade (‘Liberty’) | |
| O Estudo (Estudo (O)) | — | 10 | O Estudo | O Estudo (‘Study’) | |
| A Época (Epocha (A); A Epocha) | 1886 | 9 | A Época | A Época (‘The Epoch’) | |
| A Imprensa (Imprensa. (A); A Imprensa) | 1862 | 9 | A Imprensa | A Imprensa (‘The Press’) | |
| A Pena (Pena (A)) | — | 9 | A Pena | A Pena (‘The Pen’) | |
| A Lei (Lei (A)) | 1873; 1879 | 8 | A Lei | A Lei (‘The Law’) | |
| Diário do Comércio (Diário do Commercio; Diário do Commercio (O); O Diário do Commercio) | — | 7 | Diário do Comércio | Diário do Comércio (‘Commercial Daily’) | |
| O Funchalense (Funchalense (O)) | 1859; 1886 | 6 | O Funchalense | O Funchalense (‘The Funchal Citizen’) | |
| Correio do Funchal (O Correio do Funchal) | 1850; 1898 | 5 | Correio do Funchal | Correio do Funchal (‘Funchal Courier’) | |
| O Defensor (Defensor (O)) | 1840 | 5 | O Defensor | O Defensor (‘The Defender’) | |
| O Distrito (Districto (O); O Districto) | — | 5 | O Distrito | O Distrito (‘The District’) | |
| O Distrito do Funchal (Districto do Funchal (O); O Districto do Funchal) | 1864 | 3 | O Distrito do Funchal | O Distrito do Funchal (‘The District of Funchal’) | |
| A Imprensa Livre (Imprensa Livre. (A)) | — | 5 | A Imprensa Livre | A Imprensa Livre (‘The Free Press’) | |
| O Académico (Académico (O); O Academico) | 1884 | 4 | O Académico | O Académico (‘The Student’) | |
| O Arquivista (Archivista (O); O Archivista) | — | 4 | O Arquivista | O Arquivista (‘The Archivist’) | |
| Brado d'Oeste (Brado d’Oeste) | 1909 | 4 | Brado d'Oeste | Brado d'Oeste (‘Cry from the West’) | |
| O Defensor da Liberdade (Defensor da Liberdade (O)) | 1827 | 4 | O Defensor da Liberdade | O Defensor da Liberdade (‘The Defender of Liberty’) | |
| A Discussão (Discussão (A)) | 1855 | 4 | A Discussão | A Discussão (‘The Debate’) | |
| O Imparcial (Imparcial (O)) | 1840; 1916 | 4 | O Imparcial | O Imparcial (‘The Impartial’) | |
| A Lâmpada (Lâmpada (A)) | 1872 | 4 | A Lâmpada | A Lâmpada (‘The Lamp’) | |
| O País (Paiz (O); O Paiz) | 1865 | 4 | O País | O País (‘The Country’) | |
| A Reforma (Reforma (A)) | 1858 | 4 | A Reforma | A Reforma (‘Reform’) | |
| O Regedor (Regedor (O)) | 1823 | 4 | O Regedor | O Regedor (‘The Parish Magistrate’) | regedor = parish magistrate. |
| A Revista Semanal (Revista Semanal (A)) | 1861 | 4 | A Revista Semanal | A Revista Semanal (‘The Weekly Review’) | |
| O Amigo do Povo (Amigo do Povo (O)) | — | 3 | O Amigo do Povo | O Amigo do Povo (‘The People’s Friend’) | |
| A Aurora (Aurora (A); Aurora) | — | 3 | A Aurora | A Aurora (‘The Dawn’) | |
| A Boa Nova (Boa Nova (A)) | — | 3 | A Boa Nova | A Boa Nova (‘The Good News’) | |
| O Democrata (Democrata (O)) | 1901; 1917 | 3 | O Democrata | O Democrata (‘The Democrat’) | |
| A Fusão (Fusão (A)) | — | 3 | A Fusão | A Fusão (‘Fusion’) | |
| O Liberal (Liberal (O)) | — | 3 | O Liberal | O Liberal (‘The Liberal’) | |
| A Luta (Lucta (A); A Lucta) | 1888 | 3 | A Luta | A Luta (‘The Struggle’) | |
| O Madeirense (Madeirense (O)) | 1918 | 3 | O Madeirense | O Madeirense (‘The Madeiran’) | |
| A Monarquia (Monarchia (A); A Monarchia) | 1884 | 3 | A Monarquia | A Monarquia (‘The Monarchy’) | |
| A Mulher (Mulher (A)) | 1883 | 3 | A Mulher | A Mulher (‘Woman’) | |
| O Operário (Operário (O)) | 1920 | 3 | O Operário | O Operário (‘The Worker’) | |
| O Oriente do Funchal (Oriente do Funchal) | 1873 | 3 | O Oriente do Funchal | O Oriente do Funchal (‘The Funchal Orient’) | Oriente = Masonic lodge jurisdiction. |
| Paróquia de Santo António do Funchal (Parochia de Santo Antonio do Funchal) | 1914 | 3 | Paróquia de Santo António do Funchal | Paróquia de Santo António do Funchal (‘Parish of Santo António, Funchal’) | Parish bulletin. |
| O Popular (Popular (O)) | 1874 | 3 | O Popular | O Popular (‘The People’s Paper’) | |
| O Pregador Imparcial da Verdade, da Justiça e da Lei (Pregador Imparcial da Verdade, da Justiça e da Lei (O)) | 1823 | 3 | O Pregador Imparcial da Verdade, da Justiça e da Lei | O Pregador Imparcial da Verdade, da Justiça e da Lei (‘The Impartial Preacher of Truth, Justice and the Law’) | |
| A Razão (Razão (A)) | 1920 | 3 | A Razão | A Razão (‘Reason’) | |
| Revista Jurídica | 1870 | 3 | Revista Jurídica | Revista Jurídica (‘Legal Review’) | |
| Revista de Direito | 1920 | 3 | Revista de Direito | Revista de Direito (‘Law Review’) | |
| Trabalho e União | 1907 | 3 | Trabalho e União | Trabalho e União (‘Labour and Union’) | |
| A Voz do Povo (Voz do Povo (A)) | 1860 | 3 | A Voz do Povo | A Voz do Povo (‘The Voice of the People’) | |
| Arquivo Histórico da Madeira (Arquivo Historico da Madeira; Archivo Historico da Madeira) | 1931 | 22 | Arquivo Histórico da Madeira | Arquivo Histórico da Madeira (‘Historical Archive of Madeira’) | Historical journal (Funchal). |
| Diário do Governo (Diario do Governo) | 1820–1976 | 9 | Diário do Governo | Diário do Governo (‘Government Gazette’) | Official gazette of the Portuguese government. |
| O Panorama (Panorama) | 1837 (Lisbon) | 3 | O Panorama | O Panorama (‘The Panorama’) | |
| Arquivo dos Açores (Archivo dos Açores) | 1878 (Ponta Delgada) | 2 | Arquivo dos Açores | Arquivo dos Açores (‘Archive of the Azores’) | |
| Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa | 1876 | 1 | Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa | Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa (‘Bulletin of the Lisbon Geographical Society’) | |
| A Ilha da Madeira (Ilha da Madeira) | 1878 | n/a | A Ilha da Madeira | A Ilha da Madeira (‘The Island of Madeira’) | Count unreliable: the phrase is also the island's name. |
| A Academia (Academia (A); Academia (A; Academia) | 1900 | n/a | A Academia | A Academia (‘The Academy’) | Count unreliable (common noun). |
| A Esperança (Esperança (A); Esperança) | 1907; 1914; 1919 | n/a | A Esperança | A Esperança (‘Hope’) | Count unreliable (common noun, personal name). |
| A Madeira (Madeira (A)) | 1857 | n/a | A Madeira | A Madeira (‘Madeira’) | Count unreliable (island name). |
| A Terra (Terra (A.); Terra) | 1922 | n/a | A Terra | A Terra (‘The Land’) | Count unreliable (matches Saudades da Terra). |
| A Cruz (Cruz (A)) | 1901 | n/a | A Cruz | A Cruz (‘The Cross’) | Count unreliable. |
| A Escola (Escola (A)) | — | n/a | A Escola | A Escola (‘The School’) | Count unreliable. |
| A Ordem (Ordem (A)) | 1852 | n/a | A Ordem | A Ordem (‘Order’) | Count unreliable. |
| O Atlântico (Atlantico (O); O Atlantico) | 1918 | n/a | O Atlântico | O Atlântico (‘The Atlantic’) | Count unreliable. |
| A Luz (Luz (A)) | 1919 | n/a | A Luz | A Luz (‘Light’) | Count unreliable. |
| A Justiça (Justiça (A)) | 1858 | n/a | A Justiça | A Justiça (‘Justice’) | Count unreliable. |
| A Vida (Vida (A)) | — | n/a | A Vida | A Vida (‘Life’) | Count unreliable. |
9. Meaning glosses for descriptive toponyms
Criteria: NL §10. Ordered by the number of articles that mention the place
(data/06_kb/places.final.jsonl). The gloss appears on the first mention in each article,
unless the article itself explains the name. Gloss text is in the base form; the name before
it inflects as §11 requires.
| # | Portuguese | Class | Articles | First mention | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Porto Santo | island | 421 | Porto Santo (‘holy harbour’) | |
| 2 | Câmara de Lobos | parish/town | 127 | Câmara de Lobos (‘seals’ den’) | lobos = lobos-marinhos, monk seals; the source itself tells the story in several articles (then no gloss). |
| 3 | Santa Cruz | parish/town | 125 | Santa Cruz (‘Holy Cross’) | Toponym; the parish church is São Salvador. |
| 4 | Ponta do Sol | parish/town | 122 | Ponta do Sol (‘point of the sun’) | |
| 5 | Calheta | parish/town | 109 | Calheta (‘small cove’) | The source explains it in the parish article (no gloss there). |
| 6 | Monte | parish | 107 | Monte (‘hill’) | |
| 7 | Porto Moniz | parish/town | 96 | Porto Moniz (‘Moniz’s harbour’) | Owner example; Moniz is a surname. |
| 8 | Ribeira Brava | parish/town | 95 | Ribeira Brava (‘wild river’) | Owner example. |
| 9 | Santo António | parish (Funchal) | 81 | Santo António (‘St Anthony’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 10 | Caniço | parish | 75 | Caniço (‘reed’) | The source explains it (reed, Phragmites). |
| 11 | São Vicente | parish/town | 71 | São Vicente (‘St Vincent’) | Hagiotoponym; homonym trap (§9 of naming_latin.md). |
| 12 | Porto da Cruz | parish | 68 | Porto da Cruz (‘harbour of the cross’) | |
| 13 | Ponta de São Lourenço | cape | 67 | Ponta de São Lourenço (‘St Lawrence Point’) | hu Wikipedia uses the exonym Szent Lőrinc-félsziget; see naming_hu.md. |
| 14 | Desertas | islands | 62 | Desertas (‘deserted islands’) | hu: established exonym Kopár-szigetek (Wikipedia, Wikidata Q27923). |
| 15 | São Martinho | parish (Funchal) | 61 | São Martinho (‘St Martin’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 16 | Curral das Freiras | parish | 52 | Curral das Freiras (‘nuns’ fold’) | Owner example; land of the Santa Clara nuns. |
| 17 | Ponta do Pargo | parish | 49 | Ponta do Pargo (‘sea bream point’) | pargo = red porgy (Pagrus pagrus). |
| 18 | Paul da Serra | plateau | 48 | Paul da Serra (‘upland marsh’) | |
| 19 | Santa Maria Maior | parish (Funchal) | 48 | Santa Maria Maior (‘St Mary Major’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 20 | Santana | parish/town | 48 | Santana (‘St Anne’) | From Sant'Ana. |
| 21 | Campanário | parish | 46 | Campanário (‘bell tower’) | |
| 22 | Arco da Calheta | parish | 43 | Arco da Calheta (‘arc of Calheta’) | arco = the arc-shaped amphitheatre of land. |
| 23 | Faial | parish | 43 | Faial (‘faya grove’) | The source explains it: faia, Myrica faya. |
| 24 | Selvagens | islands | 42 | the Savage Islands (Selvagens) — established exonym | en the Savage Islands and it le isole Selvagge are established exonyms (Wikidata Q27088). |
| 25 | Ribeira de Santa Luzia | stream (Funchal) | 41 | Ribeira de Santa Luzia (‘St Lucy’s stream’) | |
| 26 | São Jorge | parish | 40 | São Jorge (‘St George’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 27 | Ponta Delgada | parish | 39 | Ponta Delgada (‘slender point’) | Also a city on São Miguel (Azores): same gloss. |
| 28 | São Roque | parish (Funchal) | 36 | São Roque (‘St Roch’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 29 | São Pedro | parish (Funchal) | 36 | São Pedro (‘St Peter’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 30 | Caniçal | parish | 35 | Caniçal (‘reed bed’) | |
| 31 | São Gonçalo | parish (Funchal) | 35 | São Gonçalo (‘St Gonçalo’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 32 | Estreito de Câmara de Lobos | parish | 34 | Estreito de Câmara de Lobos (‘the narrows of Câmara de Lobos’) | estreito here = a narrow neck of land between ravines (not a sea strait). |
| 33 | Ribeira de João Gomes | stream (Funchal) | 31 | Ribeira de João Gomes (‘João Gomes’s stream’) | |
| 34 | Estreito da Calheta | parish | 31 | Estreito da Calheta (‘the narrows of Calheta’) | See Estreito de Câmara de Lobos. |
| 35 | Paul do Mar | parish | 30 | Paul do Mar (‘marsh by the sea’) | Owner example. |
| 36 | Nossa Senhora do Monte | parish/sítio | 30 | Nossa Senhora do Monte (‘Our Lady of the Mount’) | Owner example; Marian toponym (the devotion itself is translated, see dedications table). |
| 37 | Boaventura | parish | 29 | Boaventura (‘good fortune’) | Owner example; the source says the origin of the name is unknown: give the literal meaning only. |
| 38 | Seixal | parish | 29 | Seixal (‘pebble shore’) | seixo = pebble. |
| 39 | Ribeiro Frio | locality | 27 | Ribeiro Frio (‘cold brook’) | |
| 40 | Ribeira dos Socorridos | stream | 26 | Ribeira dos Socorridos (‘stream of the rescued’) | |
| 41 | Ribeira da Janela | parish/stream | 25 | Ribeira da Janela (‘window stream’) | |
| 42 | Madalena do Mar | parish | 25 | Madalena do Mar (‘Magdalene by the sea’) | Hagiotoponym (Mary Magdalene). |
| 43 | Deserta Grande | island | 24 | Deserta Grande (‘great deserted island’) | |
| 44 | Pico Ruivo | peak | 24 | Pico Ruivo (‘russet peak’) | |
| 45 | Pontinha | point/quay (Funchal) | 24 | Pontinha (‘little point’) | |
| 46 | Serra de Água | parish | 24 | Serra de Água (‘water sawmill’) | The source explains it (water-driven sawmills). |
| 47 | Fajã da Ovelha | parish | 23 | Fajã da Ovelha (‘the ewe’s flat’) | Owner example; fajã = coastal flat below a cliff. |
| 48 | Santo António da Serra | parish | 22 | Santo António da Serra (‘St Anthony of the uplands’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 49 | Ponta da Cruz | cape (Funchal) | 22 | Ponta da Cruz (‘point of the cross’) | |
| 50 | Santa Luzia | parish (Funchal) | 21 | Santa Luzia (‘St Lucy’) | Hagiotoponym. |
| 51 | Tabua | parish | 21 | Tabua (‘bulrush’) | The source explains it (the tábua plant, bulrush). |
| 52 | Achadas da Cruz | parish | 19 | Achadas da Cruz (‘plateaus of the cross’) | achada = plateau. |
| 53 | Arco de São Jorge | parish | 18 | Arco de São Jorge (‘arc of São Jorge’) | |
| 54 | Santo da Serra | parish | 17 | Santo da Serra (‘the saint of the uplands’) | Short for Santo António da Serra. |
| 55 | Praia Formosa | beach | 17 | Praia Formosa (‘beautiful beach’) | |
| 56 | Ponta da Oliveira | cape | 17 | Ponta da Oliveira (‘olive-tree point’) | |
| 57 | Jardim do Mar | parish | 17 | Jardim do Mar (‘garden by the sea’) | |
| 58 | Terreiro da Luta | locality | 17 | Terreiro da Luta (‘ground of the fight’) | |
| 59 | Pico do Areeiro (Arieiro) | peak | 16 | Pico do Areeiro (Arieiro) (‘sand-pit peak’) | |
| 60 | Rua Direita | street (Funchal) | 16 | Rua Direita (‘straight street’) | Odonym: generic kept in the name (core §7.3). |
| 61 | Penha de Águia | peak | 15 | Penha de Águia (‘eagle crag’) | |
| 62 | Rua dos Ferreiros | street (Funchal) | 15 | Rua dos Ferreiros (‘blacksmiths’ street’) | |
| 63 | Campo da Barca | square (Funchal) | 15 | Campo da Barca (‘boat field’) | |
| 64 | Ilhéu Chão | islet (Desertas) | 15 | Ilhéu Chão (‘flat islet’) | |
| 65 | Ilhéu de Baixo | islet (Porto Santo) | 14 | Ilhéu de Baixo (‘lower islet’) | |
| 66 | Quinta Grande | parish | 14 | Quinta Grande (‘large estate’) | quinta = country estate. |
| 67 | Jardim da Serra | locality | 13 | Jardim da Serra (‘upland garden’) | |
| 68 | Quinta Vigia | estate (Funchal) | 13 | Quinta Vigia (‘lookout estate’) | |
| 69 | Ilhéu de Cima | islet (Porto Santo) | 13 | Ilhéu de Cima (‘upper islet’) | |
| 70 | Ribeiro Seco | stream | 12 | Ribeiro Seco (‘dry brook’) | |
| 71 | Ilhéu de Fora | islet | 12 | Ilhéu de Fora (‘outer islet’) | |
| 72 | Selvagem Grande | island | 11 | Selvagem Grande (‘great wild island’) | |
| 73 | Fajã dos Padres | locality | 11 | Fajã dos Padres (‘the priests’ flat’) | Named after the Jesuit fathers (the source says so; then no gloss). |
| 74 | Lugar de Baixo | locality | 11 | Lugar de Baixo (‘lower place’) | |
| 75 | Rua da Alfândega | street (Funchal) | 11 | Rua da Alfândega (‘customs-house street’) | |
| 76 | Largo do Pelourinho | square (Funchal) | 11 | Largo do Pelourinho (‘pillory square’) | |
| 77 | Prazeres | parish | 10 | Prazeres (‘joys’) | From Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres. |
| 78 | Pico do Castelo | peak | 9 | Pico do Castelo (‘castle peak’) | |
| 79 | Ribeira da Metade | stream | 9 | Ribeira da Metade (‘halfway stream’) | |
| 80 | Rua do Aljube | street (Funchal) | 9 | Rua do Aljube (‘bishop’s prison street’) | aljube = the bishop's prison. |
| 81 | Campo do Duque | square (Funchal) | 9 | Campo do Duque (‘duke’s field’) | |
| 82 | Quinta das Cruzes | estate/museum (Funchal) | 9 | Quinta das Cruzes (‘estate of the crosses’) | |
| 83 | Ponta do Garajau | cape | 8 | Ponta do Garajau (‘tern point’) | garajau = tern. |
| 84 | Ribeira do Inferno | stream | 8 | Ribeira do Inferno (‘hell’s stream’) | |
| 85 | Água de Mel | locality | 8 | Água de Mel (‘honey water’) | |
| 86 | Porto Novo | landing/stream | 8 | Porto Novo (‘new harbour’) | |
| 87 | Rocha do Navio | cliff/locality | 7 | Rocha do Navio (‘ship cliff’) | |
| 88 | Vale Formoso | locality | 7 | Vale Formoso (‘beautiful valley’) | |
| 89 | Lombo do Doutor | locality | 5 | Lombo do Doutor (‘the doctor’s ridge’) | Owner example; the source names the doctor (Pedro Berenguer de Lemilhana). lombo = ridge between two valleys. |
| 90 | Homem em Pé | rock | 5 | Homem em Pé (‘standing man’) | |
| 91 | Boca dos Namorados | pass | 5 | Boca dos Namorados (‘lovers’ pass’) | |
| 92 | Caldeirão Verde | valley | 4 | Caldeirão Verde (‘green cauldron’) |
10. Parenthesis policy
As NL §11: full form on the first mention of each distinct name in an article, short form afterwards, square brackets for a name first met inside parentheses, no glosses in headwords, metadata, tables or quotations, at most two name glosses per sentence, never two parentheses side by side. The Portuguese original of a translated name is always italic; the meaning of a kept name is always in ‘…’.
11. Grammar in running text
- No article with towns and parishes: in Funchal, at Câmara de Lobos, to Machico.
- on for islands: on Porto Santo, on the Desertas; in Madeira for the region, on Madeira for the island.
- Article with island groups and with features used as common nouns: the Desertas, the Selvagens/Savage Islands, the Paul da Serra (plateau), the Algarve.
- Attributive use of a name only in tables and lists (Arco de São Jorge parish).
- Adjective: Madeiran; no adjectives from other Portuguese toponyms.
- Portuguese articles before names are dropped (o Funchal → Funchal), except in periodical mastheads (O Jornal).
12. Homonym traps
Full list: NL §9. English (UK) forms of the most frequent ones:
| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| São Vicente (parish) / São Vicente (saint) / Cabo de São Vicente / São Vicente de Paulo | São Vicente (‘St Vincent’) / St Vincent / Cape St Vincent / St Vincent de Paul (Society of St Vincent de Paul) |
| São Lourenço (cape / palace / saint / ship) | Ponta de São Lourenço (‘St Lawrence Point’) / the São Lourenço Palace / St Lawrence / the São Lourenço |
| São Tiago (Funchal) / São Tiago Maior | St James the Less / St James the Greater |
| Santa Cruz (town) / (devotion) | Santa Cruz (‘Holy Cross’) / the Holy Cross |
| Vitória (queen) / (Marian title) | Queen Victoria / Our Lady of Victory |
| Sé (cathedral) / Sé (parish) / Santa Sé | the Cathedral / Sé / the Holy See |
13. Worked examples
Each example assumes that the names are mentioned for the first time in the article, unless the note says otherwise.
1. Parish named after a saint, and the saint himself (uses 2 and 3)
PT: A freguesia de São Vicente tem por orago São Vicente, mártir. Em São Vicente a festa faz-se a 22 de Janeiro.
EN: The parish of São Vicente (‘St Vincent’) has St Vincent the Martyr as its patron saint. In São Vicente the feast is held on 22 January.
Note: freguesia already glossed earlier in the article. The parish gets the meaning; the saint as a person needs none.
2. The source explains the name: no gloss
PT: Zargo deu a este sítio o nome de Câmara de Lobos, pelos muitos lobos marinhos que ali encontrou. Câmara de Lobos foi elevada a vila em 1835.
EN: Zargo gave this spot the name Câmara de Lobos because of the many monk seals he found there. Câmara de Lobos was raised to the status of a town in 1835.
Note: The sentence itself explains Câmara de Lobos, so the name gets no gloss (core §7.4). lobos marinhos = monk seals; a termbase entry lobo-marinho is proposed (naming_latin.md §13.2).
3. Chapel dedication (use 1) and a glossed town in one sentence
PT: Na Ribeira Brava há uma capela de Nossa Senhora da Piedade, fundada em 1600. A capela da Piedade foi reedificada em 1750.
EN: In Ribeira Brava (‘wild river’) there is a chapel of Our Lady of Pity (Nossa Senhora da Piedade), founded in 1600. The chapel of Our Lady of Pity was rebuilt in 1750.
Note: Two different names, one parenthesis each. The short source form capela da Piedade becomes the translated form.
4. Book without a published translation (descriptive title)
PT: Diz Gaspar Frutuoso nas Saudades da Terra que a ilha estava coberta de arvoredo. As Saudades da Terra acrescentam que o fogo durou sete anos.
EN: Gaspar Frutuoso says in ‘Longing for the Homeland’ (Saudades da Terra) that the island was covered with trees. ‘Longing for the Homeland’ adds that the fire lasted seven years.
Note: Descriptive title in the language's title quotes; original in italics, as printed.
5. Book with an established translation
PT: Camões refere-se à Madeira no canto V dos Lusíadas. Os Lusíadas foram publicados em 1572.
EN: Camões mentions Madeira in Canto V of The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas). The Lusiads was published in 1572.
Note: Established title in italics. The parenthesis gives the original once.
6. Periodical: masthead kept, meaning glossed
PT: O Heraldo da Madeira de 18 de Novembro de 1913 inseriu um artigo sobre o assunto. O mesmo Heraldo publicou depois a resposta.
EN: The Heraldo da Madeira (‘Madeira Herald’) of 18 November 1913 carried an article on the subject. The same Heraldo later published the reply.
Note: Italian sets mastheads in caporali.
7. Historical figure with an established name (no parenthesis)
PT: O Infante D. Henrique mandou povoar a ilha. O Infante concedeu a capitania a Zargo.
EN: Henry the Navigator ordered the island to be settled. The Infante granted the captaincy to Zargo.
Note: From kb/historical_figures.yaml. capitania per termbase.
8. Honorifics and a noble title
PT: O Dr. João da Câmara Leme, conde do Canavial, e D. Isabel de Abreu assistiram à cerimónia. O conde discursou.
EN: Dr João da Câmara Leme, Count of Canavial, and Dona Isabel de Abreu attended the ceremony. The Count gave a speech.
Note: The territorial designation (Canavial) is never glossed.
9. Clergy
PT: O cónego Jerónimo Dias Leite e Frei Pedro de Bettencourt acompanhavam o padre Manuel Álvares.
EN: Canon Jerónimo Dias Leite and Friar Pedro de Bettencourt accompanied Father Manuel Álvares.
10. Institution and an institution named after a saint
PT: A Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Funchal administrava o Hospital de Santa Isabel. A Misericórdia recebia legados.
EN: The Holy House of Mercy (Santa Casa da Misericórdia) of Funchal ran St Elizabeth’s Hospital (Hospital de Santa Isabel). The Misericórdia received bequests.
Note: Termbase gives the institution and its short form; the hospital's generic and dedication are translated (naming_latin.md §13.3, item 7).
11. Fort named after a saint: São Tiago is James the Less
PT: Os navios fundearam defronte da Fortaleza de São Tiago. A fortaleza de São Tiago respondeu com artilharia.
EN: The ships anchored off the Fortress of São Tiago (‘St James the Less’). The São Tiago fortress returned fire.
Note: Secular building: generic translated, Portuguese specific kept, saint glossed (Funchal patron = the Less).
12. Street name
PT: Morava na Rua dos Ferreiros, junto à igreja do Colégio. A Rua dos Ferreiros era então muito estreita.
EN: He lived in Rua dos Ferreiros (‘blacksmiths’ street’), next to the Colégio church. Rua dos Ferreiros was very narrow at the time.
13. Marian feast (use 3) and the parish of the same name (use 2)
PT: A festa de Nossa Senhora do Monte, a 15 de Agosto, atrai romeiros de toda a ilha. A romaria do Monte é a maior da Madeira.
EN: The feast of Our Lady of the Mount (Nossa Senhora do Monte) on 15 August draws pilgrims from all over the island. The pilgrimage to Monte (‘hill’) is the largest in Madeira.
Note: Italian leaves Monte without a gloss (identical word).
14. Grammar of place names (prepositions, cases, suffixes)
PT: Os moradores do Porto Santo passaram a Machico. Em Machico receberam terras.
EN: The inhabitants of Porto Santo (‘holy harbour’) moved to Machico. In Machico they received land.
Note: Italian leaves Porto Santo without a gloss (transparent).
15. Island groups: exonym in some languages, gloss in others
PT: As Desertas e as Selvagens pertencem ao distrito do Funchal. Nas Desertas não há habitantes.
EN: The Desertas (‘deserted islands’) and the Savage Islands (Selvagens) belong to the district of Funchal. There are no inhabitants on the Desertas.
Note: en and it have exonyms for the Selvagens; hu has one for the Desertas.
14. Decisions — confirmed by the owner on 2026-10-03 (the recommended defaults below were accepted; see naming_latin.md §13.3)
- St without a full stop in all saint names and church names (British style), also in
kb/religious_titles.yamlandkb/historical_figures.yaml. - Descriptive titles in single quotes (same marks as quotations and glosses). Alternative: roman without quotes (Chicago style), which makes running references hard to see.
- Savage Islands used as the English name of the Selvagens (established exonym), with (Selvagens) at first mention.
- English style guide §6 to be aligned with the KB (Pedro IV, not Peter IV).
Shared decisions (periodicals, title typography, single-word glosses, coined epic titles, exonyms, buildings and institutions named after saints): NL §13.3.